18/11/2000
The 2016 Ford Focus RS Mk3 arrived with a bang, quickly cementing its place as a modern hot hatch icon. More than just a powerful engine, its sophisticated all-wheel-drive system and the much-hyped Drift Mode set it apart from its rivals. For enthusiasts and prospective owners alike, understanding the nuances of this car, from its unique handling characteristics to the practicalities of wheel fitment, is essential to truly appreciate and maintain this engineering marvel.
This article delves into the heart of the Mk3 Focus RS, exploring its groundbreaking all-wheel-drive system and the exhilarating Drift Mode that captured headlines. We'll also address the critical considerations surrounding wheel and tyre choices, ensuring you have the knowledge to keep your RS performing at its peak.
The Innovative Drivetrain: Powering the Focus RS Mk3
At the core of the Focus RS's dynamic prowess lies its advanced all-wheel-drive (AWD) system, developed in collaboration with GKN. Unlike traditional AWD systems, the Mk3 Focus RS employs a sophisticated setup designed not just for traction, but for enhancing agility and, of course, enabling its infamous Drift Mode. This system is a prime example of intelligent engineering, allowing precise torque vectoring to maximise performance in various driving conditions.
The key component of this system is the GKN Twinster rear drive unit. Instead of a conventional differential, the Twinster uses two electronically controlled clutches, one for each rear wheel. These clutches can independently control the amount of torque sent to each wheel, allowing for precise torque vectoring. This means the system can not only split torque between the front and rear axles but also dynamically distribute it across the rear axle, sending more power to the outer wheel during cornering to help 'push' the car through bends and reduce understeer, or to the inner wheel for stability in slippery conditions.
What truly sets the Focus RS's system apart, especially in the context of its Drift Mode, is that its rear drive unit is geared to a different ratio from the rest of the driveline. This unique gearing allows the rear wheels to be overdriven relative to the front wheels, creating the yaw moment necessary to instigate and sustain a controlled slide. This is a significant mechanical distinction compared to some other performance AWD systems that rely solely on software and clutch modulation to achieve similar effects.
Unleashing the Beast: Decoding Drift Mode
The Focus RS's Drift Mode was arguably its most talked-about feature upon launch, promising an accessible way for drivers to experience controlled oversteer. But how exactly does it work, and what does it feel like?
When Drift Mode is selected, the car's dynamic systems, including the AWD, stability control, and steering, are recalibrated. The GKN Twinster system actively biases torque to the rear axle, and specifically to the outside rear wheel, using that differential gearing to generate a significant yaw angle. The system then works to sustain the slide by continuously adjusting torque distribution, allowing the driver to maintain the drift with relatively minimal steering input.
While undoubtedly exhilarating, the sensation of drifting an RS in this mode has been described by many as feeling somewhat "unnatural" compared to sliding a pure rear-wheel-drive car with a traditional limited-slip differential. This is because the car's electronics are actively managing and assisting the slide, rather than the driver solely relying on throttle and steering inputs to break traction and maintain the drift. It's a highly sophisticated electronic dance, designed to make controlled oversteer more achievable for a wider range of drivers.
Drift Mode vs. Other Performance AWD Systems: A Brief Comparison
To further illustrate the Focus RS's unique approach, let's briefly compare its Drift Mode functionality with similar systems, drawing from general knowledge about such technologies.
| Feature | Ford Focus RS Drift Mode | Typical Performance AWD (e.g., Audi RS3 Torque Rear) |
|---|---|---|
| Rear Axle Technology | GKN Twinster with two electronically controlled clutches and unique differential gearing (overdriven) | Electronically controlled multi-disc clutch units (Torque Splitter) |
| Torque Instigation | Relies on specific gearing ratio to overdrive rear wheels, combined with clutch modulation | Software-controlled torque distribution, capable of sending 100% rear torque to outside wheel |
| Feel of Drift | Often described as "assisted" or "unnatural" due to active electronic management | Can feel assisted, but designed for agility; pure RWD drift may feel more intuitive |
| Primary Purpose | Designed specifically to instigate and sustain controlled power slides | Primarily for enhanced agility and handling, with a 'drift mode' as a showboating feature |
| Road Use Warning | Explicitly for closed circuit use only | Explicitly for closed circuit use only |
It's crucial to reiterate that Drift Mode, like similar features on other high-performance vehicles, is intended strictly for use on a closed circuit. Engaging it on public roads is not only dangerous but also illegal, and could lead to severe consequences. The car's internal systems will typically flash warnings on the dashboard, reminding the driver of this critical safety instruction.
Wheel and Tyre Considerations for the 2016 Mk3 Focus RS
When it comes to the practicalities of owning a high-performance vehicle like the Focus RS, understanding the correct wheel and tyre specifications is paramount. While the precise factory wheel size for the 2016 Mk3 Focus RS is not detailed in the provided information, we can discuss the crucial aspects of wheel fitment and why getting it right is so important for such a meticulously engineered car.
For any performance car, especially one with an advanced all-wheel-drive system and specific suspension tuning, the wheels and tyres are not merely aesthetic choices; they are integral components of the vehicle's dynamic performance. The wrong size or specification can compromise handling, safety, and even cause damage to the car's mechanical components.
Key Wheel Parameters and Their Importance:
When considering wheels for your Focus RS, several parameters must be taken into account:
- Diameter: Measured in inches, this is the overall size of the wheel. The factory diameter is chosen to optimise ride quality, braking performance, and clearance within the wheel arches. Deviating too much can affect speedometer accuracy and potentially cause rubbing.
- Width: Also in inches, this refers to the measurement across the wheel's barrel. It dictates the maximum tyre width that can be safely mounted. Wider wheels often allow for wider tyres, increasing the contact patch and potentially improving grip, but must be balanced against clearance issues and added weight.
- Wheel Offset (ET): This is arguably one of the most critical and often misunderstood parameters. Offset is the distance from the hub mounting surface to the wheel's true centreline. It's measured in millimetres (mm) and can be positive, negative, or zero.
- A positive offset means the mounting surface is towards the front (outboard) face of the wheel.
- A negative offset means the mounting surface is towards the rear (inboard) face of the wheel.
- Bolt Pattern (PCD - Pitch Circle Diameter): This specifies the number of bolt holes and the diameter of the imaginary circle on which they lie. For example, '5x108' means five bolt holes on a 108mm diameter circle. This must match your car's hub exactly for safe and secure fitment.
- Centre Bore: This is the diameter of the hole in the centre of the wheel that fits over the car's hub. It should ideally be a precise fit (hub-centric) to ensure the wheel is perfectly centred, preventing vibrations at speed. If an aftermarket wheel has a larger centre bore, hub-centric rings are necessary.
Correct offset is vital for ensuring proper clearance with brake calipers, suspension components, and the wheel arches. It also significantly impacts the car's scrub radius, steering feel, and bearing wear. An incorrect offset can lead to tyres rubbing, premature bearing failure, and unpredictable handling.
Tyre Selection: The Other Half of the Equation
Just as important as the wheels are the tyres. The Focus RS, being a high-performance vehicle, requires performance tyres that can handle its power, grip levels, and the demands of spirited driving. Factory-fitted tyres are carefully selected by Ford to complement the car's suspension and AWD system. When replacing tyres, it's generally recommended to stick to the manufacturer's specified sizes and speed ratings.
Considerations for tyres include:
- Tyre Type: Summer performance tyres offer maximum grip in warm, dry conditions. Winter tyres are essential for cold weather and snow/ice. All-season tyres offer a compromise but may not excel in extreme conditions.
- Tread Pattern: Designed for specific purposes, affecting water dispersion, grip levels, and noise.
- Load Index and Speed Rating: These ensure the tyre can safely handle the car's weight and top speed.
Always consult your vehicle's owner's manual or a reputable Ford dealership for the precise factory wheel and tyre specifications for your 2016 Mk3 Focus RS. This ensures optimal performance, safety, and compliance with warranty conditions.
Maintaining Your Focus RS: More Than Just Oil Changes
Beyond understanding the unique features and component specifications, proper maintenance is crucial for the longevity and continued performance of your Focus RS. Regular checks of tyre pressure, wheel alignment, and suspension components are vital. The sophisticated AWD system, with its electronically controlled clutches, also benefits from adherence to Ford's recommended service intervals for fluid changes and inspections.
The Focus RS Mk3 is a testament to Ford's engineering prowess, offering a thrilling driving experience whether you're tackling a winding road or exploring its limits on a track. By understanding its intricate systems and ensuring proper maintenance, you can truly unlock the full potential of this magnificent machine.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Focus RS Mk3
Is Drift Mode safe to use on public roads?
Absolutely not. Drift Mode, and similar features on other performance cars, is designed exclusively for use on closed circuits or private land. Engaging it on public roads is extremely dangerous, illegal, and puts yourself and others at severe risk. The car's own display will typically warn you of this.
How does the Focus RS AWD system differ from a standard AWD system?
The Focus RS uses a sophisticated GKN Twinster rear drive unit with two electronically controlled clutches and unique differential gearing. This allows it to not only vector torque between front and rear axles but also across the rear axle, and crucially, to overdrive the rear wheels relative to the front, which is key to its Drift Mode capability. This level of precise, active torque vectoring and overdriving is less common in standard AWD systems, which primarily focus on traction.
Why is correct wheel size and offset so important for the Focus RS?
The Focus RS is a highly tuned performance car. Incorrect wheel size or offset can negatively impact several critical areas: it can cause tyres to rub against bodywork or suspension components, alter the steering geometry and feel, put undue stress on wheel bearings and suspension parts, and even compromise the effectiveness of the brakes. Sticking to manufacturer specifications or carefully chosen aftermarket options that replicate the original geometry is crucial for maintaining performance, safety, and vehicle longevity.
Can I disable Drift Mode, or is it always active?
Drift Mode is a selectable driving mode. It is not always active and must be intentionally chosen by the driver. The Focus RS offers several driving modes (e.g., Normal, Sport, Track, Drift) that tailor the car's characteristics to different driving situations. When not in Drift Mode, the AWD system operates to enhance grip and agility in a more conventional performance-oriented manner.
What kind of tyres are recommended for the Focus RS?
The Focus RS is designed for high-performance driving, and as such, it comes equipped with high-performance summer tyres from the factory. For optimal grip, handling, and safety, especially in warm, dry conditions, it's recommended to replace them with tyres of the same size, speed rating, and performance category. If you plan to drive in cold weather or snow, dedicated winter tyres would be a necessary investment, as summer tyres lose effectiveness significantly in low temperatures.
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