FA20 Engine: Cost & Applications

The FA20 engine, a staple in many performance-oriented vehicles, represents a significant piece of automotive engineering. Known for its distinctive Boxer configuration, this 2.0-litre, 4-cylinder unit has powered a range of popular models from Subaru and Toyota since its introduction in 2012. If you're considering purchasing a vehicle equipped with this engine, or perhaps looking to replace one, understanding its cost, applications, and technical nuances is crucial. This article delves into the world of the FA20, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and owners alike.

What is the FA20 Engine?

The FA20 is a naturally aspirated or turbocharged Boxer engine developed by Subaru. Its defining characteristic is the Boxer layout, where cylinders are arranged horizontally opposite each other. This design offers a lower centre of gravity compared to conventional inline or V-configuration engines, contributing to improved vehicle handling and stability. The engine features a DOHC (Double Overhead Camshaft) design with 16 valves, optimising airflow and combustion efficiency. Its compact nature also allows for more flexible vehicle packaging.

Areas of Application and Production Period

Since its inception in 2012, the FA20 engine has been a popular choice for mid-range performance vehicles. It has found its way into various models from both Subaru and Toyota, often forming the heart of their sporty offerings. The engine's versatility is evident in its different power outputs and tuning capabilities.

Subaru Models

The FA20 has been a cornerstone for several Subaru models, most notably:

• Subaru BRZ: The FA20 was famously the powerplant for the first generation Subaru BRZ, a rear-wheel-drive sports coupe co-developed with Toyota. The initial 200 PS variant was first installed in the Subaru BRZ 2.0i Active Coupe, typically paired with a manual gearbox, offering an engaging driving experience.
• Subaru Forester: While perhaps less commonly associated with performance, certain generations of the Subaru Forester also featured the FA20, particularly in XT variants. The most potent version of the FA20, boasting 241 PS and 350 Nm of torque, was last seen in the 2018 Subaru Forester 2.0XT Sport 20th Anniversary Lineartronic SUV. This demonstrates the engine's adaptability across different vehicle types.
• Subaru WRX (Certain Markets/Years): While the WRX is more famously known for its EJ series engines, some iterations and specific market versions of the WRX have utilised the FA20, particularly in its turbocharged form, showcasing its potential for higher performance applications.

Toyota Models

Toyota, through its collaboration with Subaru, also incorporated the FA20 into its vehicles:

• Toyota GT86/86: Identical in principle to the Subaru BRZ, the Toyota GT86 (later renamed simply 86) shared the FA20 engine. This joint venture allowed both brands to develop a lightweight, rear-wheel-drive sports car that became a favourite among driving enthusiasts.
• Toyota Corolla (Certain Performance Variants): In some markets and for specific performance-oriented trims, the FA20 has also powered versions of the Toyota Corolla, further highlighting its broad appeal and application.

Technical Specifications of the FA20

The FA20 engine is characterised by several key technical features:

The engine's power output varies depending on the specific application and tuning. For instance, naturally aspirated versions typically produce around 200 PS, while turbocharged variants can achieve significantly higher figures, such as the 241 PS mentioned for the Forester XT. This flexibility makes the FA20 a highly adaptable unit.

FA20 Replacement Motor Costs

For owners needing to replace their FA20 engine, the cost can be a significant consideration. The price of a replacement FA20 motor can fluctuate based on several factors, including the condition of the unit (used, reconditioned, or new), the supplier, and the specific variant required.

On average, a replacement FA20 engine in good used condition can be expected to cost around £4,486. If you are looking for a new or professionally reconditioned engine, the price can increase, potentially reaching up to £4,985. These figures are estimates and can vary widely depending on the market and availability. It is always advisable to obtain quotes from multiple reputable suppliers to ensure you are getting the best value.

Factors Affecting Replacement Cost:

• Condition: Used engines are generally cheaper but carry more risk. Reconditioned engines have been inspected and repaired, offering a balance of cost and reliability. New engines are the most expensive but offer the highest level of assurance.
• Mileage: Lower mileage engines, even if used, will command a higher price.
• Supplier: Prices can differ between main dealerships, specialist engine suppliers, and independent mechanics.
• Warranty: Engines that come with a warranty will typically be more expensive, reflecting the added peace of mind.
• Included Components: Some replacement engines may come as a bare unit, while others might include ancillaries like the turbocharger, injectors, or even the gearbox, which would influence the overall cost.

Common FA20 Engine Issues and Considerations

While the FA20 is generally a robust engine, like any complex piece of machinery, it can experience certain issues. Awareness of these potential problems can help owners maintain their vehicles proactively.

• Oil Consumption: Some FA20 engines, particularly early naturally aspirated versions, have been known to exhibit higher than average oil consumption. Regular checks and top-ups are essential.
• Valve Spring Recall: Certain FA20 engines experienced issues with valve springs, leading to recalls in some cases. If you own a vehicle from the affected period, it's worth checking if any recalls apply to your specific VIN.
• Direct Injection (DI) Concerns: The FA20 uses direct injection, which can sometimes lead to carbon buildup on the intake valves if not managed correctly. Using quality fuel and occasional professional cleaning can mitigate this.
• Turbocharger Health (for Turbo Variants): For turbocharged FA20 engines, the health of the turbocharger is paramount. Ensuring proper oil changes and avoiding prolonged hard driving immediately after startup can prolong its life.

FAQs about the FA20 Engine

Q1: What cars use the FA20 engine?
The FA20 engine is primarily found in the Subaru BRZ and the Toyota GT86/86 sports coupes. It has also been used in certain Subaru Forester and WRX models, as well as some Toyota Corolla variants in specific markets.

Q2: Is the FA20 a reliable engine?
Generally, the FA20 is considered a reliable engine, especially the naturally aspirated variants. However, like all engines, it requires proper maintenance and can be susceptible to certain issues such as oil consumption in some early models.

Q3: What is the power output of the FA20 engine?
The power output varies. Naturally aspirated versions typically produce around 200 PS, while turbocharged variants can produce up to 241 PS and 350 Nm of torque.

Q4: How much does a replacement FA20 engine cost?
A used FA20 engine in good condition typically costs around £4,486, while a new or reconditioned unit can cost up to £4,985.

Q5: Are there any common problems with the FA20 engine?
Some common considerations include potential oil consumption in early models, carbon buildup on intake valves due to direct injection, and the importance of maintaining the turbocharger in turbocharged variants.

Conclusion

The FA20 engine is a testament to Subaru's engineering prowess, offering a compelling blend of performance, efficiency, and a unique Boxer character. Whether you're drawn to its sporty applications in the BRZ and GT86 or its broader use in other Subaru and Toyota models, understanding its technical specifications, application history, and potential replacement costs is vital for any owner or prospective buyer. By adhering to a strict maintenance schedule and being aware of potential issues, owners can ensure their FA20 engine continues to deliver an engaging and reliable driving experience for years to come. The cost of ownership should always factor in maintenance and potential repairs, but the driving dynamics offered by this engine often make it a worthwhile investment.