28/12/2001
The braking system is arguably the most critical safety feature on any vehicle, and your Nissan is no exception. Responsible for bringing your car to a safe and controlled stop, the health of your brakes directly impacts your safety and the safety of others on the road. While Nissan vehicles are generally known for their reliability, like all cars, their braking components require regular inspection and, at times, repair or replacement. Understanding the common issues that can affect Nissan brakes and recognising the tell-tale signs of trouble can help you address problems before they escalate into serious safety concerns.
Common Nissan Brake Issues
Several factors can contribute to brake problems in Nissan vehicles. These can range from wear and tear of components to external influences. Here are some of the most frequently encountered issues:
Worn Brake Pads
Brake pads are designed to wear down over time as they frictionally engage with the brake discs (rotors) to slow the vehicle. This is a normal part of their function. However, once they reach a certain thickness, they need replacing. Driving with excessively worn brake pads can lead to:
- Reduced stopping power: Less friction material means less ability to slow the car effectively.
- Damage to brake discs: If the wear indicator (a small metal tab designed to squeal) is ignored, the metal backing plate of the pad can grind against the rotor, causing significant damage that requires disc replacement.
- Increased braking distance: This is a direct consequence of reduced stopping power and is extremely dangerous.
Warped or Damaged Brake Discs (Rotors)
Brake discs can become warped or scored due to excessive heat, improper installation, or simply age and wear. Symptoms of warped rotors include:
- Vibration or pulsation in the brake pedal: This is the most common sign. When you apply the brakes, you'll feel a pulsing sensation through the pedal.
- Grinding noise: If the rotors are severely scored or if brake pads have worn down to the metal, a grinding sound can occur.
- Steering wheel shimmy: Similar to pedal pulsation, you might feel vibrations in the steering wheel when braking.
Brake Fluid Issues
Brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid that transmits the force from your foot on the brake pedal to the brake pads. It's crucial for the braking system to function correctly. Problems with brake fluid include:
- Low brake fluid level: This can indicate a leak in the system or that the brake pads are severely worn, causing the brake caliper pistons to extend further, thus lowering the fluid level in the reservoir. A low level is a serious safety hazard.
- Contaminated brake fluid: Brake fluid is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air. Over time, this moisture can lower the boiling point of the fluid, leading to brake fade under heavy use. It can also cause corrosion within the brake lines and components.
- Air in the brake lines: If the brake system has been opened for repairs or if there's a leak, air can enter the lines. Air is compressible, unlike fluid, meaning pressing the brake pedal will compress the air rather than directly applying pressure to the brakes, resulting in a spongy or soft brake pedal.
Brake Caliper Problems
The brake caliper houses the brake pads and the piston(s) that push the pads against the rotor. Issues with calipers can include:
- Sticking caliper: A caliper can become stuck due to corrosion or debris, preventing it from applying or releasing the brake pads properly. This can lead to uneven braking, pulling to one side, or a burning smell as the brake pad is constantly dragging on the rotor.
- Leaking caliper: Seals within the caliper can degrade, leading to brake fluid leaks.
Brake Hose Deterioration
Flexible brake hoses connect the rigid brake lines to the calipers. These hoses can crack, swell, or degrade over time, especially if exposed to road debris or harsh chemicals. A damaged hose can lead to a loss of brake pressure or a burst hose, resulting in complete brake failure.
Signs Your Nissan Brakes Need Attention
Being aware of the sounds, sensations, and visual cues associated with brake problems is key to proactive maintenance. Here are the most common warning signs:
Audible Warnings
Squealing or Grinding Noises:
- High-pitched squeal when braking: This is often the wear indicator on your brake pads making contact with the rotor. It's a signal that your pads are getting low and need replacement soon.
- Grinding sound: A harsh, metallic grinding noise usually indicates that the brake pads have worn down completely, and the metal backing plate is grinding against the brake rotor. This is a critical issue and requires immediate attention to prevent severe rotor damage.
Tactile Warnings
Changes in Brake Pedal Feel:
- Spongy or soft brake pedal: This often suggests air in the brake lines or a problem with the master cylinder.
- Vibration or pulsation in the brake pedal: As mentioned, this is a strong indicator of warped brake discs.
- Brake pedal feels low: If you have to push the pedal much further down than usual to engage the brakes, it could mean low brake fluid, worn pads, or an issue with the brake system's hydraulics.
Visual Warnings
Checking Your Brakes Visually:
- Low brake fluid level: Check the brake fluid reservoir under the bonnet. If the level is below the minimum mark, it needs attention.
- Visible wear on brake pads: If you can see the brake pads through the wheels, check their thickness. If they appear thin (less than about 3-4mm), they need replacing.
- Leaking brake fluid: Look for wet spots or drips around the wheels, brake lines, or under the car.
Driving Behaviour
Car Pulling to One Side:
- If your Nissan pulls to the left or right when you apply the brakes, it often indicates a problem with a caliper sticking or uneven wear on the brake pads or discs on one side of the car.
Nissan Brake Maintenance Schedule
While specific recommendations can vary slightly depending on your Nissan model and driving conditions, a general guideline for brake maintenance is as follows:
| Component | Inspection Interval | Service Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| Brake Pads | Every 12,000 - 15,000 miles or 6-12 months | Check thickness. Replace if below 3mm. |
| Brake Discs (Rotors) | Every 24,000 - 30,000 miles or 12-24 months | Check for wear, scoring, and warping. Resurface or replace as needed. |
| Brake Fluid | Every 24,000 - 30,000 miles or 24 months | Check level and condition. Flush and replace if contaminated or old. |
| Brake Calipers & Hoses | Every 24,000 - 30,000 miles or 12-24 months | Inspect for leaks, damage, and proper operation. |
When to Seek Professional Help
While minor checks can be done by a vigilant owner, most brake repairs are best left to qualified mechanics. You should definitely consult a professional if you notice any of the following:
- You hear persistent grinding or squealing noises.
- Your brake pedal feels spongy, sinks to the floor, or vibrates excessively.
- Your Nissan pulls to one side when braking.
- You notice any brake fluid leaks.
- Your brake warning light illuminates on the dashboard.
- You are unsure about the condition of your brakes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: How often should I have my Nissan's brakes inspected?
It's advisable to have your brakes inspected at least once a year, or every 12,000-15,000 miles, as part of your regular vehicle service. However, if you notice any of the warning signs mentioned, get them checked immediately.
Q2: Can I drive with worn brake pads?
While you might be able to drive, it's highly discouraged. Driving with worn brake pads significantly compromises your stopping power, increasing the risk of accidents. It can also lead to more expensive damage to your brake discs.
Q3: What type of brake fluid does my Nissan need?
The type of brake fluid required will be specified in your Nissan's owner's manual. Most modern Nissans use DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid. It's crucial to use the correct type, as using the wrong fluid can damage the braking system.
Q4: How much does it typically cost to replace Nissan brake pads?
The cost can vary significantly based on your location, the specific Nissan model, and whether you opt for genuine Nissan parts or aftermarket alternatives. Generally, replacing front brake pads on a Nissan can range from £100 to £250, including parts and labour. Replacing both front and rear pads, or including rotor replacement, will increase the cost.
Q5: Is it necessary to replace brake discs when replacing pads?
Not always. If your brake discs are still within their minimum thickness specification and are not significantly scored or warped, they can often be resurfaced (machined to be smooth again). However, if they are worn below specification, warped, or heavily scored, replacement is necessary for optimal braking performance and safety.
Conclusion
Maintaining the health of your Nissan's braking system is a non-negotiable aspect of vehicle ownership. By understanding the common issues, recognising the warning signs, and adhering to a regular maintenance schedule, you can ensure your Nissan brakes remain in peak condition. Don't compromise on safety; if you suspect any problems with your brakes, seek professional advice promptly. Your ability to stop effectively is paramount to your safety on the road.
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