11/07/2006
Converting a classic Ford 351 Windsor engine to fuel injection is a popular upgrade for many enthusiasts seeking improved performance, drivability, and fuel economy. While carburettors have their charm and a certain nostalgic appeal, modern Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) systems offer a host of advantages that are hard to ignore. One such system that has garnered positive attention is the Mass-Flo EFI. This article will delve into the specifics of the Mass-Flo EFI, drawing on user experiences and technical details to help you understand if it's the right choice for your 351 Windsor.
Understanding the Mass-Flo EFI System
The Mass-Flo EFI system is a popular choice for classic Ford V8 engines, including the venerable 351 Windsor. It aims to replicate the functionality and benefits of Ford's factory EFI systems, often seen on 5.0L Mustangs and similar models from the late 1980s and early 1990s. At its core, the Mass-Flo system typically utilises a recalibrated Ford EEC-IV computer, often an A9L or similar variant, which was originally designed for the 89-93 5.0L engines with manual transmissions. This computer is then paired with specific components tailored to your engine's build, ensuring optimal performance.
Key Components and Features
One of the standout features of the Mass-Flo EFI system is its ability to maintain a somewhat "carburetted" aesthetic under the bonnet, which is a significant draw for owners who wish to preserve the classic look of their engine bay. This is achieved through clever integration of components: * Hidden Mass Air Meter: Unlike some more modern or overtly race-oriented EFI systems where the Mass Air Flow (MAF) meter is prominently displayed, the Mass-Flo system cleverly conceals it within a standard carburettor-style air cleaner housing. This allows you to retain the familiar look of a carburetted setup, with the MAF sensor doing its work discreetly. * Custom Throttle Body: The throttle body is engineered to be compatible with popular aftermarket intake manifolds such as the Edelbrock Victor Jr. or Torker II. In many cases, these manifolds require modification to accept the fuel rails, but the Mass-Flo system provides a solution that allows for a relatively straightforward bolt-on installation. The choice between a Victor Jr. and a Torker II often comes down to clearance issues, particularly under a stock bonnet. As one user noted, opting for a Torker II might offer better hood clearance, though it may require porting to match the intake runners on the cylinder heads, especially if the heads have larger ports than the intake manifold. * Self-Learning Capability: A significant advantage of the Mass-Flo system, mirroring Ford's factory EFI, is its self-learning capability. Once installed and running, the system's computer actively monitors various engine parameters such as load, atmospheric pressure, and throttle position. It then adjusts the injector pulse width to achieve the optimal air-fuel ratio. This means that as you drive, the system continuously fine-tunes itself, adapting to your specific engine's characteristics and driving style. This process, often referred to as "calibration" or "learning," can take some time and varied driving conditions to complete. * Stock Ford Sensors: A major benefit of using the EEC-IV architecture is its reliance on readily available and relatively inexpensive Ford sensors. This includes components like the Idle Air Control (IAC) valve, Throttle Position Sensor (TPS), coolant temperature sensors, and oxygen sensors. When a sensor eventually needs replacement, sourcing a new one is typically much easier and more affordable than with proprietary systems.
Performance and Drivability
The primary goal of upgrading to EFI is to enhance performance and drivability, and the Mass-Flo system generally delivers on this front. The precise control over fuel delivery allows for more accurate air-fuel mixtures across a wider range of operating conditions. This translates to: * Improved Cold Starts: Unlike carburetted engines that can be temperamental in cold weather, EFI systems provide consistent fuel delivery even when the engine is cold, leading to easier and more reliable starting. The system's ability to adapt to temperature changes means your engine will start and run smoothly from the first crank, regardless of how long it has been sitting. * Smoother Idle and Drivability: EFI systems excel at maintaining a stable and smooth idle, even with aftermarket camshafts or other modifications. The precise fuel control eliminates the fluctuations often associated with carburettors, resulting in a much more refined driving experience in stop-and-go traffic and low-speed situations. * Enhanced Throttle Response: With the correct calibration, EFI systems can offer sharper and more immediate throttle response, making the car feel more responsive and engaging to drive.
Considerations and Potential Downsides
While the Mass-Flo EFI system offers numerous advantages, it's important to be aware of its limitations and potential drawbacks: * Fuel Supply System: The Mass-Flo system itself typically does not include the fuel pump, fuel pressure regulator, and fuel lines. You will need to source a suitable fuel supply system that can meet your engine's demands. While Mass-Flo may offer matched systems, these are usually an additional cost and can be quite significant. This means budgeting for a high-quality fuel pump, a suitable fuel pressure regulator (often a bypass type), and appropriate fuel lines (often braided stainless steel for durability and safety). * Tuning Limitations: The A9L computer, while robust, has its limitations when it comes to custom tuning. Unlike more modern ECUs or standalone EFI systems that can be easily remapped via a laptop, changing the tune on an A9L typically requires burning a new chip for the computer. This process often involves significant dyno time and expense if you're looking to extract every last ounce of horsepower or meticulously dial in a highly specific camshaft profile. For the enthusiast focused on maximising drag strip performance, this can be a significant hurdle. The A9L is generally programmed for a "safe" power output, prioritising engine longevity over peak performance. Basic adjustments like advancing ignition timing might be possible, but extensive fuel mapping requires professional intervention or specialised knowledge. * Cost: While often more affordable than some high-end standalone EFI systems, the Mass-Flo setup still represents a significant investment. When you factor in the EFI kit itself, the required fuel supply system, and potential installation costs, the overall expenditure can be substantial.
Who is the Mass-Flo EFI For?
Based on user experiences and the system's design, the Mass-Flo EFI system is particularly well-suited for: * Daily Drivers: Its reliability, ease of starting, and smooth drivability make it an excellent choice for those who use their classic Ford as a daily driver or for regular spirited weekend use. The system's self-learning capabilities and use of stock sensors contribute to its dependability. * Enthusiasts Seeking a "Carb Look": If you appreciate the classic aesthetic of your engine bay and want to retain as much of that original look as possible while benefiting from EFI, the Mass-Flo system is a strong contender. * Those Prioritising Reliability Over Extreme Tuning: For owners who want a dependable, well-running engine without the complexities and costs associated with extreme custom tuning, the Mass-Flo system offers a balanced solution.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Q: Can I use the Mass-Flo EFI system with my specific 351 Windsor build?A: Yes, the Mass-Flo system is designed to be adaptable to various engine configurations. However, you will need to provide detailed information about your engine build (camshaft, compression ratio, cylinder heads, intended use) when ordering to ensure the system is calibrated correctly for your needs.
- Q: What kind of fuel pump do I need?A: You'll need a high-pressure electric fuel pump capable of supplying sufficient fuel volume and maintaining the required fuel pressure for your engine. The exact specifications will depend on your engine's power output and fuel consumption. It's advisable to consult with the EFI system supplier or a specialist for recommendations.
- Q: How long does the self-learning process take?A: The self-learning process can vary, but it generally involves accumulating a good amount of driving time under different conditions (e.g., idle, cruising, acceleration). It could take anywhere from a few hours to a few days of regular driving for the system to reach its optimal calibration.
- Q: Can I tune it myself with a laptop?A: No, the A9L computer used in many Mass-Flo systems is not typically tunable via a laptop. Tuning adjustments require a new chip to be burned, which is a more involved process.
- Q: Is the Mass-Flo EFI system expensive?A: The cost is relative. It's a significant upgrade over a carburettor but generally less expensive than some of the more advanced, fully programmable standalone EFI systems. The added cost of the fuel supply system should also be factored in.
Conclusion
The Mass-Flo EFI system presents a compelling option for 351 Windsor owners looking to embrace the benefits of fuel injection while maintaining a classic engine bay aesthetic. Its self-learning capabilities, use of stock sensors, and improved drivability make it a strong choice for daily drivers and enthusiasts who value reliability. While the limitations in custom tuning and the need for a separate fuel supply system are points to consider, for many, the advantages of a modern, efficient, and reliable fuel delivery system far outweigh these factors. As with any performance upgrade, careful planning and understanding of your engine's specific requirements are key to a successful conversion.
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