26/05/2017
The Massey Ferguson 135 (MF135) stands as a true legend in the agricultural world. As the inaugural model of the highly successful MF100 range, it gracefully succeeded the MF35, gracing fields from 1964 to 1975. Its production numbers soared into the hundreds of thousands, solidifying its place as one of the most popular tractors of its time, alongside its sibling, the MF165. Even today, in the 21st century, the MF135 remains a highly sought-after machine on the second-hand market, particularly in developing nations. This enduring popularity is a testament to its robust, simple mechanical construction, its unwavering reliability, and the fond memories many farmers have from their days at agricultural colleges where they learned on these very machines. At the core of this venerable tractor lies its engine, the component that truly defines its performance and longevity. Understanding the engine of an MF135 is crucial for any owner, restorer, or enthusiast looking to keep this classic working or to appreciate its engineering brilliance. Let's delve into the specifics.
The Heart of the MF135: Perkins Engines
The Massey Ferguson 135 was predominantly powered by Perkins diesel engines. The specific engine fitted often depended on the exact model and market. The most common engine associated with the MF135 is the Perkins 3.152, a 3-cylinder, naturally aspirated diesel engine. This engine was renowned for its fuel efficiency, durability, and straightforward design, making it ideal for the demanding work expected of a tractor. Let's break down the Perkins 3.152 engine in more detail: * Configuration: 3-cylinder, inline * Displacement: 152 cubic inches (2.5 litres) * Bore: 3.6 inches (91.4 mm) * Stroke: 4.72 inches (120 mm) * Aspiration: Naturally Aspirated * Fuel System: Indirect injection (typically CAV injection pumps) * Cooling System: Water-cooled While the diesel 3.152 was the most prevalent, some earlier or specific market models might have featured petrol (gasoline) variants. However, the diesel engine is what truly cemented the MF135's reputation for power and economy.
What is a Basic In-Frame Engine Kit?
When discussing engine maintenance or rebuilding, you'll often encounter the term "in-frame engine kit." This is a fundamental component for refreshing the lower end of an engine. A basic in-frame engine kit typically includes the essential parts needed to overhaul the cylinders, pistons, and connecting rods without removing the engine from the tractor. For the MF135, specifically referencing the Perkins 152 engine (whether diesel or petrol), a typical kit would include: * Sleeve and Piston Kit: This contains the cylinder sleeves (liners) and the pistons with their corresponding rings and pins. The sleeve fits into the cylinder block, and the piston moves up and down within it. New rings ensure a good seal between the piston and sleeve, crucial for compression and oil control. * Connecting Rod Bearings: These are essential for the smooth rotation of the crankshaft within its connecting rods. * Main Bearings: Similar to connecting rod bearings, these support the crankshaft within the main bearing housings of the engine block. * Top Engine Set (Gasket Set): This includes all the gaskets and seals required for the upper part of the engine. For an in-frame overhaul, this would commonly include the cylinder head gasket, valve cover gasket, intake and exhaust manifold gaskets, and various seals. * Oil Pan Gasket: This seals the oil sump to the engine block. These kits are designed to provide the core components for a significant engine refresh, addressing wear in the cylinders and pistons, which are common areas of deterioration over time. The term "basic" often implies that it focuses on the "wear items" and might not include components like the crankshaft, camshaft, or oil pump, which would be part of a more comprehensive "out-of-frame" or "complete" engine rebuild.
Common MF135 Engine Issues and Maintenance
While the Perkins 3.152 is a robust engine, like any mechanical component that has seen decades of service, it can develop issues. Regular maintenance is key to preventing most problems and ensuring the longevity of your MF135's engine. Common Issues:* Oil Leaks: Gaskets and seals can degrade over time, leading to oil leaks from the valve cover, oil pan, front and rear crankshaft seals, or the injection pump. * Cooling System Problems: Overheating can occur due to a faulty thermostat, clogged radiator, worn water pump, or a head gasket failure. Ensuring the cooling system is clean and functional is paramount. * Starting Difficulties: Cold starting can be an issue if glow plugs are not functioning correctly or if the injection timing is off. Battery health and the condition of the starter motor are also critical. * Loss of Power: This can be caused by fuel system issues (clogged filters, worn injectors, faulty pump), air intake restrictions (dirty air filter), or internal engine wear (low compression). * Excessive Smoke: Blue smoke usually indicates oil burning (worn piston rings, valve stem seals), black smoke suggests incomplete combustion (fueling issues, air restrictions), and white smoke can point to unburnt fuel or coolant entering the combustion chamber (head gasket failure, timing issues). Preventative Maintenance:* Regular Oil and Filter Changes: Use the correct grade of engine oil and change it along with the oil filter at the recommended intervals. This is the single most important maintenance task. * Cooling System Checks: Maintain the correct coolant level and condition. Flush and refill the system periodically. * Air Filter Maintenance: Clean or replace the air filter regularly to ensure the engine receives clean air. * Fuel Filter Replacement: Replace fuel filters at recommended intervals to prevent contamination of the injection system. * Glow Plug Checks: Test and replace glow plugs as needed, especially before winter. * Valve Clearance Adjustment: Periodically check and adjust the valve clearances according to the service manual. This ensures proper valve operation and engine efficiency. * Injection Pump Timing: Ensure the injection pump timing is set correctly. This is a job best left to a qualified mechanic.
Rebuilding vs. Refurbishing
When an MF135 engine shows significant wear, owners face a decision: rebuild or replace components. An in-frame overhaul using a kit as described above is a common approach to address wear in the cylinders and pistons. This is often a more cost-effective solution than a full engine rebuild. A full engine rebuild (out-of-frame) is a more extensive process. It involves removing the engine from the tractor and dismantling it completely. This allows for inspection and potential replacement of all internal components, including the crankshaft, camshaft, connecting rods, oil pump, and water pump, in addition to the typical in-frame kit components. A full rebuild is necessary when there is significant damage to the engine block, crankshaft, or other major components, or when aiming for a "like new" condition.
MF135 Engine Options and Variations
It's worth noting that while the Perkins 3.152 is the most iconic engine for the MF135, Massey Ferguson did offer variations. Depending on the market and specific model year, you might find: * MF135 Petrol: Some early or specific market models were fitted with petrol engines. These were generally less common and less powerful than their diesel counterparts. * MF135 Diesel (Perkins AD3.152): This is the standard and most sought-after engine. The "A" in AD3.152 denotes an improved version of the original 3.152. * MF135 UK Models: Often featured the Perkins 3.152 diesel. * MF135 US Models: Could also be found with the Perkins 3.152, sometimes with slight variations in tuning or emissions equipment.
Frequently Asked Questions about MF135 Engines
Q1: What is the horsepower of an MF135 engine?A1: The Perkins 3.152 diesel engine typically produced around 45-50 horsepower (net) depending on the specific tuning and application. Q2: Can I put a different engine in my MF135?A2: While technically possible, it's generally not recommended unless you are undertaking a significant custom build. The Perkins 3.152 is well-matched to the tractor's gearbox and chassis, and finding parts for other engines that fit correctly can be challenging. Q3: Where can I find an in-frame engine kit for my MF135?A3: Many specialist tractor parts suppliers, both online and physical stores, stock in-frame engine kits specifically for the Perkins 3.152 engine used in the MF135. Ensure you specify "Perkins 3.152" or "AD3.152" when ordering. Q4: How often should I change the oil in my MF135?A4: Consult your tractor's manual if available, but a general guideline is every 100-150 operating hours or annually, whichever comes first. Always change the oil filter at the same time. Q5: What type of oil should I use in my MF135 engine?A5: Typically, a 15W-40 or 20W-50 multi-grade engine oil is recommended for diesel engines like the Perkins 3.152. Again, checking the manual or a reputable parts supplier for the specific recommendation is best.
Conclusion
The Massey Ferguson 135 is a testament to solid engineering and enduring design. Its engine, most commonly the reliable Perkins 3.152 diesel, is the powerhouse that has driven countless hours of agricultural work. Whether you are maintaining a working tractor, restoring a classic, or simply curious about this iconic machine, understanding its engine is fundamental. By adhering to regular maintenance schedules and being aware of potential issues, you can ensure your MF135 continues to serve faithfully for many more years to come. The availability of parts like in-frame engine kits means that even after decades of hard work, the spirit of the MF135 can be renewed.
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