Honda CB500 Twin: A Complete Guide

The Honda CB500 Twin holds a special place in the hearts of many motorcyclists, particularly here in the UK. Produced between 1993 and 2003, this 499cc parallel-twin motorcycle was renowned for its legendary reliability, ease of use, and affordability. It became a staple for commuters, training schools, and new riders alike, offering a perfect blend of performance and practicality. This article delves into the history, specifications, and ownership considerations of this iconic machine, helping you understand why it remains a popular choice even today.

The Honda CB500 Twin: A Brief History

Honda introduced the CB500 in the UK in 1993 as a versatile naked roadster. Its simple yet robust design, coupled with a smooth and torquey 499cc, four-stroke, parallel-twin engine, made it an instant hit. The engine was liquid-cooled and featured a double overhead camshaft (DOHC) setup, providing a healthy 57 bhp and 35 ft/lb of torque. This was enough power to be engaging for experienced riders and manageable for novices.

A significant development came in 1998 with the introduction of the CB500S, often referred to as the CB500 Sport. This version featured a half-fairing, which improved aerodynamics and offered a degree of weather protection, making it more suitable for longer journeys or higher speeds. Despite the visual difference, the core engine and chassis remained largely the same.

The CB500 series enjoyed a decade-long production run, with minor updates and colour variations throughout its life. However, its tenure came to an end in 2003. The primary reason for its discontinuation was the inability of the existing 499cc engine to meet the stricter Euro 2 emissions regulations that came into effect in 2004. Honda replaced the venerable CB500 with the CBF500 (later evolving into the CB500F) for the 2004 model year.

Key Specifications of the Honda CB500 Twin

Understanding the technical details of the CB500 Twin is crucial for both potential buyers and current owners. Here's a breakdown of its key specifications:

Models and Years in the UK

Honda released several iterations of the CB500 in the UK, with subtle changes and updates over its production life. Understanding these can help when searching for a specific model or identifying parts:

• CB500-R (1993-1995): The original unfaired model. Early 'R' models featured a rear drum brake, while later ones (from Nov 1996 onwards) were equipped with a rear disc brake and Brembo calipers, aligning with the 'V' model onwards.
• CB500-T (1995-1996): Continued the lineage of the unfaired model, largely similar to the later 'R' models.
• CB500-V (1996-1997): Marked a significant update with the introduction of a rear disc brake and improved Brembo brake calipers. A 'Cup-Race' version was also available in silver.
• CB500-W (1997-1998): Continued with the updated specification.
• CB500-X (1998-1999): Saw minor updates to graphics and colours.
• CB500-Y (1999-2000): Featured gold wheels and new graphics.
• CB500-1 (2001): Silver wheels were introduced.
• CB500-2 (2002): Minor specification continuity.
• CB500-3 (2003): The final model year before discontinuation.
• CB500S Sport (1998-2003): The half-faired version, offering a sportier look and some weather protection. It shared most of its mechanical components with the unfaired models but featured a distinctive half-fairing incorporating the instruments.

Maintenance and Servicing Considerations

The CB500 Twin is celebrated for its relative simplicity and ease of maintenance, contributing to its enduring popularity. Regular servicing is key to ensuring its longevity.

Engine Oil and Filter

The engine uses a liquid-cooled, 499cc parallel-twin. It requires approximately 3.1 litres of 10w40 API SG or higher grade oil. While any grade (mineral, semi-synthetic, or full synthetic) can be used, a semi-synthetic or fully synthetic oil is recommended for optimal engine protection. The oil filter is a canister type, with common replacements being the Hiflo HF303 or Filtrex OIF006. The oil filter torque specification is 10 Nm.

Valve Clearances

Valve clearances should be checked periodically. For the CB500, the inlet valve clearance is 0.16mm (+/- 0.02mm) when cold, and the exhaust valve clearance is 0.25mm (+/- 0.02mm) when cold. Incorrect valve clearances can affect engine performance and longevity.

Brakes

Early models (CB500 R/T, up to Oct 1996) featured a rear drum brake. From November 1996 onwards (CB500-V and later, plus the CB500S), a rear disc brake was fitted, along with Brembo calipers. Front brake pads differ between the earlier Nissin calipers and the later Brembo units. Always ensure you use the correct pads for your specific model. DOT 4 brake fluid is recommended for both front and rear brakes.

Suspension

The front suspension consists of 37mm telescopic forks, typically requiring 320 ml of 10w fork oil per fork. The rear suspension is handled by twin shock absorbers. When checking a used CB500, pay close attention to the condition of the fork stanchions for any signs of wear or leaks, and inspect the rear shocks for proper damping and leaks.

Buying Advice for a Honda CB500 Twin

If you're considering purchasing a Honda CB500 Twin, whether as a first "big bike" or simply as a reliable commuter, here are some key points to consider:

• HPI Check: Always perform an HPI check to ensure the bike isn't stolen or has outstanding finance.
• Mileage: While the CB500 is known for its durability, aim for a bike with reasonable mileage. However, a well-maintained higher-mileage bike can be a better buy than a neglected low-mileage one. Look for evidence of regular servicing.
• Condition: As a naked bike, fairing damage is less of an issue, but check for damage to indicators, mirrors, and the headlight. Exhaust downpipes and headers are made of mild steel and can corrode, so budget for potential replacement if the originals are heavily rusted.
• Previous Use: Be cautious of ex-courier bikes, as they often endure very hard use. Bikes used for racing (like in the original CB500 Cup) may have modifications or signs of stress (e.g., drilled sump plugs, caliper bolts). Ex-training school bikes can be good but may also have been subjected to rough treatment, potentially leading to a worn clutch.
• Age-Related Issues: Given that even the newest CB500s are now over 15 years old, inspect carefully for age-related wear. Check the condition of the rear shocks, fork stanchions (ideally with gaiters fitted to protect them), radiator for leaks (look for white water trails), handlebar switches, ignition system, and battery.
• Service History: A bike with a comprehensive service history and paperwork is generally a safer bet than a "barn find" with little or no history.

Common Competitors

During its production run, the Honda CB500 Twin faced stiff competition from other manufacturers in the mid-weight motorcycle segment. Its primary rivals included:

• Kawasaki ER5: Another popular parallel-twin that was often seen as a direct competitor, known for its simplicity and reliability.
• Suzuki GS500E: A long-running air-cooled parallel-twin that offered a more budget-friendly option and was also a common choice for training schools.

These bikes, along with the CB500, formed the backbone of the accessible mid-capacity motorcycle market for many years.

Frequently Asked Questions

When did Honda replace the CB500 twin engine?

The Honda CB500 twin engine was replaced in 2004 by the CBF500, as the original engine could not meet the new Euro 2 emissions regulations.

What is the top speed of a Honda CB500?

The claimed top speed of the Honda CB500 is around 120 mph.

What oil should I use in a Honda CB500?

Honda recommends 10w40 API SG or higher grade oil. Semi-synthetic or fully synthetic oils are best for protection.

Does the CB500 have a rear disc brake?

Early models (up to Oct 1996) had a rear drum brake. From November 1996 onwards, and on all CB500S models, a rear disc brake was fitted.

Are Honda CB500s reliable?

Yes, the Honda CB500 Twin is renowned for its legendary reliability and durability, making it a popular choice for long-term ownership and high mileage.

Conclusion

The Honda CB500 Twin remains a highly respected and sought-after motorcycle. Its blend of performance, reliability, and ease of maintenance has cemented its status as a modern classic. Whether you're a new rider looking for an accessible machine or an experienced rider seeking a dependable workhorse, the CB500 offers a compelling package. By understanding its history, specifications, and common ownership points, you can make an informed decision and continue to enjoy this fantastic motorcycle for years to come.