Model T: Enhancing Your Brake Safety

The Ford Model T, a true icon of automotive history, offers a nostalgic driving experience like no other. However, for those venturing beyond gentle Sunday drives, or perhaps those who have opted for popular period accessories like the Ruckstell two-speed rear axle, a critical safety consideration arises: the braking system. The original Model T brake, relying solely on a transmission brake and a basic hand-operated parking brake, can be… inadequate, especially when paired with modifications that alter the drivetrain's behaviour.

The Perils of Freewheeling

The Ruckstell rear axle, a highly sought-after accessory that grants Model T owners the ability to shift between two distinct gear ratios while on the move, revolutionised the car's climbing and cruising capabilities. However, this clever piece of engineering introduces a potential safety hazard. Should the Ruckstell axle inadvertently disengage into a 'freewheeling' state, the crucial link between the car's primary braking system and the rear wheels is severed. This means that the transmission brake, the car's main stopping power, becomes utterly ineffective. The consequences of this can be dire, particularly on inclines, leading to terrifying uncontrolled descents, and sadly, in some instances, serious injury or even fatalities.

It's not solely the Ruckstell axle that poses this risk. A failure within the stock Model T rear axle, such as a broken driveshaft or pinion gear, can also result in a loss of braking effectiveness. Similarly, any auxiliary transmission fitted to a Model T that experiences an unexpected shift into neutral can recreate this perilous 'freewheeling' scenario. In essence, any situation that disconnects the drivetrain from the wheels while the car is in motion, without the transmission brake being engaged, leaves the driver vulnerable.

The Solution: Accessory Braking Systems

To counteract these inherent risks and provide a much-needed layer of safety and redundancy, the installation of an accessory braking system is highly recommended. One of the most well-regarded and time-tested solutions is the Rocky Mountain Brake system. Readily available through reputable Model T parts suppliers and frequently advertised in specialist publications, this system offers a significant improvement in stopping power and reliability.

Installing the Rocky Mountain Brake System: A Practical Guide

While this article aims to provide a helpful overview, it is imperative to remember that you, the owner, are solely responsible for the installation and safe operation of any modifications to your vintage vehicle. Always consult and meticulously follow the specific instructions provided with your Rocky Mountain Brake kit. The following steps are intended to supplement, not replace, those official instructions.

Preparation and Initial Steps

Our project car is a 1917 Torpedo Runabout, a cherished family heirloom since 1951. It boasts desirable period accessories such as Hayes wire wheels, fitted in the 1950s, and a Ruckstell axle, installed in the 1970s. Our goal is to ensure this venerable machine remains safe for future generations of enthusiasts.

Before commencing, all brake components were given a fresh coat of black paint, and the installation instructions were read thoroughly. The first physical step involves removing one of the rear wheels to gain access for the brake installation. After safely jacking up the car and securing it with a jack stand, the left rear wheel was removed. A crucial point to note: the Hassler shocks, a common rear axle accessory, are incompatible with the Rocky Mountain brakes and must be removed to proceed.

Addressing Wheel Hub Variations

Our particular Model T is fitted with Hayes wire wheels, which are both attractive and a popular period accessory. The rear hubs on these wheels feature a smaller bolt pattern for securing the parking brake drum compared to standard Ford fitments. This necessitates a modification to the Rocky Mountain brake drums. To achieve the correct alignment, the Hayes brake drum, which conveniently incorporates both Ford and Hayes bolt patterns, is bolted to the new Rocky Mountain brake drum. Six 3/8" diameter holes are then carefully drilled into the Rocky Mountain drum using a drill press, cutting oil, and a low speed setting. The bolts used for this alignment are cleaned with MEK, dried, and then treated with a green, semi-permanent thread-locking compound before the drums are securely fastened to the wheel.

Axle Shims: The Unsung Heroes

A critical, often overlooked, component in this installation is the axle shim. As indicated by a yellow arrow in the accompanying (though not displayed here) imagery, a shim is required to compensate for the added thickness of the new Rocky Mountain brake drum. This shim, typically around .020" thick, also subtly shifts the axle approximately .090" outwards from the centreline. It's important to note that these shims are not always included in the Rocky Mountain Brake kit and may need to be purchased separately or fabricated by the owner. Once the shims are in place, the Rocky Mountain brake components are assembled according to the kit's instructions, utilising the new hardware provided. The rear wheels are then reinstalled, the axle nuts tightened, and new cotter pins fitted.

Modifying the Brake Pedal Linkage

The next phase of the installation involves accessing the brake pedal. This requires removing the floorboards and the transmission cover. In our 1917 model, the presence of an added starter necessitates the removal of the Bendix cover to allow for the removal and replacement of the original brake pedal. A steel plate, supplied with the kit, needs to be modified. A 5/16" hole is drilled into this plate to accommodate the brake clevis. Crucially, the end of the plate intended for welding must be beveled to create a larger surface area, thereby ensuring a stronger weld. A flat spot is also ground onto the bottom of the brake pedal itself to guarantee full contact with the beveled plate. Our friend Nolan, a skilled welder, expertly welded the plate to the pedal with a substantial bead on both sides, ensuring a robust connection.

Connecting the Linkage and Adjustments

With the pedal assembly modified, the brake rods and clevis assemblies from the Rocky Mountain kit are assembled. The equalising assembly is fitted to the forward side of the Model T's parking brake shaft. Initially, all clevises are connected without cotter pins, allowing for easier adjustment. An overview of the installed pedal and equaliser, with the brake lever in its furthest forward position, is crucial for understanding the setup.

Before connecting the Rocky Mountain rods, it is vital to properly adjust the original Ford parking brake. When the Ford parking brake lever is fully forward, it should allow the brake cross-shaft clutch arm to just clear the clutch adjustment bolt. When the parking brake is applied with the Rocky Mountain brakes disconnected, the Ford brake lever should be positioned vertically, not pulled all the way back against the seat. This initial adjustment ensures the original system isn't pre-loaded when the new system is engaged.

A close inspection of the sliding clevis pin (indicated by a yellow arrow) should reveal minimal clearance. The Ford brake pedal itself is adjusted so that when fully applied, it stops the car with the pedal approximately 1" above the floorboard. A preliminary test drive with the Rocky Mountain brakes completely disconnected is essential to confirm the proper functioning of the original Ford brake in both forward and reverse motion. The photograph showing the controls in the driving position with brakes released illustrates the correct neutral state.

With the brakes released and properly adjusted, an examination of the equaliser assembly under the car provides a clear view of the system's quiescent state. When the brake lever is applied, the equaliser assembly is pushed forward by the Ford brake lever shaft, moving the brake rods approximately 1/2" – a testament to a correctly adjusted system.

Final Checks and Testing

Once all brake adjustments are satisfactory, a thorough double-check of all work is paramount. Ensure all nuts and bolts on the rear wheel brakes are securely tightened. Install all cotter pins, but avoid bending them fully at this stage. Embark on a short test drive, paying close attention to the car's behaviour. Verify that the car stops effectively when backing up. Test the brakes' holding power on a moderate incline, both when moving backwards and forwards. Some further fine-tuning and adjustments are almost always necessary; expect to spend a good portion of a day achieving optimal performance.

When you are confident that all adjustments are correct, find a safe, open stretch of road with no traffic and dry conditions. Perform a few 'panic stops' from cruising speed. The car should decelerate smoothly and in a straight line, without pulling to either side. Pay attention to the feel and responsiveness of the brake pedal.

Troubleshooting: The Mysterious Oil Leak

Following the initial test drive, a significant oil leak was discovered. Upon re-examining the area where the brake pedal was removed, specifically the starter Bendix cover, the cause of the leak remained elusive. Despite the gasket appearing to be in perfect condition, the leak persisted. On the second attempt, all surfaces were meticulously cleaned with lacquer thinner, and a high-quality gasket sealant was applied. This time, the leak was successfully rectified, confirming the importance of meticulous surface preparation and appropriate sealing compounds.

The Benefits of Enhanced Braking

The installation of the Rocky Mountain brake system demonstrably reduces the Model T's stopping distance, making descents of steep hills significantly less daunting. Following an extended period of driving, no other issues have been observed, underscoring the reliability and effectiveness of this crucial safety upgrade.

Alternative Braking Solutions: Sure Stop Disc Brakes

While the Rocky Mountain system is an excellent mechanical upgrade, other 'bolt-on' solutions exist. The Sure Stop Disc Brake Kit, for instance, offers a modern approach with large 15" brake discs. These kits are custom-made for Model T's and feature new, one-piece spun steel brake drums. They provide substantially increased braking power, reportedly outperforming other systems even in wet conditions and continuing to function when rolling backwards. Crucially, these systems work in addition to the original Ford transmission brake, which remains active.

The 'bolt-on' nature of these kits generally implies no cutting, drilling, or welding is required for the main components. However, a modification to the brake pedal is typically necessary to allow linkage for the master cylinder. This often involves sending your original brake pedal to the manufacturer for precise tab attachment, as the location is critical for proper operation. The kits are comprehensive, usually including new brake drums with discs, a master cylinder and bracket, calipers and brackets, brake pads, steel brake lines, mounting hardware, and instructions, often even a brake light switch.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Why is upgrading the Model T's brake system important?
A: The original Model T brake system can be insufficient, especially with period accessories like the Ruckstell axle, posing a significant safety risk due to potential 'freewheeling' and loss of braking power.

Q: What is a Ruckstell axle and how does it affect braking?
A: The Ruckstell axle is a two-speed rear axle that, if it fails to shift correctly or disengages, can lead to the car 'freewheeling,' rendering the transmission brake ineffective.

Q: Is the Rocky Mountain Brake system a difficult installation?
A: The installation requires careful attention to detail and mechanical aptitude. While achievable for a competent DIYer, it's essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions precisely. Modifications to wheel hubs and brake pedals may be necessary.

Q: What are the benefits of the Rocky Mountain Brake system?
A: It significantly improves stopping power, reduces stopping distances, and provides a crucial layer of safety and redundancy to the braking system.

Q: Are there any alternatives to the Rocky Mountain Brake system?
A: Yes, modern 'bolt-on' disc brake kits, such as the Sure Stop system, offer enhanced braking power and are available as an alternative.

Q: Do accessory brakes work when reversing?
A: Some systems, like the Sure Stop Disc Brake kit, are noted to work effectively when rolling backwards, which is an advantage over certain other setups.

Q: What kind of maintenance is required after installing an accessory brake system?
A: Regular checks of brake fluid levels (if applicable), brake pad wear, and linkage adjustments are essential, similar to any braking system.

Investing in an upgraded braking system for your Model T is not merely an enhancement; it's a fundamental step towards ensuring your safety and the safety of your passengers. Whether you choose the proven reliability of the Rocky Mountain brakes or opt for a more modern disc brake conversion, the peace of mind and improved performance are invaluable.