Who Were the First Christians?

The Birth of a Name: Antioch and the First Christians

The journey of faith that began with Jesus of Nazareth, the Christ, soon blossomed into a movement that would profoundly shape the course of human history. While the disciples initially followed their Master without a distinct label, a pivotal moment arrived in the vibrant city of Antioch. It was here, in this bustling metropolis, that the followers of Jesus were first officially recognized and named. This article delves into the historical context, the biblical account, and the essence of what it meant to be called a Christian in those nascent days.

The Biblical Account: Acts of the Apostles

The primary source for understanding the origin of the term 'Christian' is the Book of Acts, specifically chapter 11, verse 26. The passage reads: "And it came to pass that a whole year they were gathered together with the church, and taught much people. And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch." This verse, though concise, is incredibly significant. It pinpoints Antioch as the birthplace of the name and highlights that it was bestowed upon the disciples as a collective identity.

Barnabas, a devout and Spirit-filled man, had brought Paul to Antioch. For an entire year, they ministered to the burgeoning community, teaching and strengthening the believers. The growth and distinctiveness of this group did not go unnoticed by the wider population of Antioch. The term 'Christian' itself is derived from 'Christos,' the Greek transliteration of the Hebrew 'Mashiach,' meaning 'Anointed One.' Therefore, to be called a 'Christian' was to be identified as a follower or adherent of Christ.

Why Antioch?

Antioch, situated in Roman Syria, was a major cosmopolitan centre, a melting pot of cultures and peoples. It was a strategically important city, a hub for trade and a gateway between the East and the West. This environment likely contributed to the formation of a diverse Christian community, comprising both Jewish and Gentile believers. In such a multicultural setting, a distinct name would have been necessary to differentiate this new religious movement from Judaism and other prevalent cults.

It's important to note that the term 'Christian' was likely coined by the inhabitants of Antioch, rather than by the disciples themselves. While the disciples referred to themselves as 'believers,' 'saints,' or 'those who belonged to the Way,' the outsiders, observing their distinct lifestyle and their unwavering devotion to Jesus, attributed this new label to them. Some scholars suggest that the name may have initially been used with a degree of detachment or even mockery, a way for the pagans to categorize this peculiar group. However, as the movement grew and its influence spread, the name was embraced by the followers of Christ.

The Meaning of 'Christian' in the Early Church

To be called a Christian in the first century was far more than a mere religious affiliation. It was a radical commitment that permeated every aspect of life. The early Christians were known for several key characteristics:

• Devotion to Christ: At the core of their identity was an unshakeable belief in Jesus as the Son of God and the Saviour of the world. They lived, and often died, for their allegiance to Him.
• Community and Fellowship: The Book of Acts frequently depicts the early Christians sharing their possessions, meeting regularly for worship and teaching, and supporting one another. Their bond was a testament to their shared faith.
• Ethical Living: Their behaviour stood in stark contrast to the prevailing norms of the Roman world. They were known for their love, compassion, honesty, and their commitment to justice.
• Perseverance in Suffering: Facing persecution and opposition, the early Christians demonstrated remarkable courage and steadfastness. Their faith was tested, and it proved to be resilient.

The text from R.K. Campbell's "What is a Christian?" offers a profound insight into the early understanding of this term:

"The word 'Christian' is found for the first time in Acts 11v26: 'And it was at Antioch that the disciples were first called Christians.' This name was given by the world to those who acknowledged Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord, and who followed Him. They were identified with Christ crucified and rejected. A Christian is a 'man of Christ,' someone who belongs to Christ."

Furthermore, the idea of being 'born again' by the Holy Spirit was central to their identity. As John 3:3 states, "Unless someone is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God." This spiritual transformation was the foundation upon which their new life and identity were built.

The Term 'Christian' in the New Testament

While the term 'Christian' was first used in Antioch, its appearance in the New Testament is relatively infrequent. It is found in:

• Acts 11:26: "And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch."
• Acts 26:28: King Agrippa to Paul: "Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian."
• 1 Peter 4:16: "Yet if any man suffer as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but let him glorify God on this behalf."

The infrequency of the term does not diminish its significance. It serves as a powerful marker of the distinct identity that emerged from the early Christian movement. The fact that Peter uses it in the context of suffering highlights that being a Christian often involved hardship and opposition from the outside world.

A Deeper Look: What Constitutes a Christian?

The provided text from R.K. Campbell elaborates extensively on the essential elements of Christian life. To summarise key aspects:

Becoming a Christian

The path to becoming a Christian involves:

• Repentance: A turning away from sin and a change of mind towards God.
• Faith in Christ: Receiving Jesus as personal Saviour and Lord.
• Confession and Obedience: Acknowledging Christ with the mouth and believing in the heart.
• Salvation by Grace: Understanding that salvation is a gift from God, not earned by works.

The New Nature

Upon conversion, a Christian is described as having:

• A New Birth: A spiritual regeneration by the Holy Spirit.
• A New Nature: A divine nature that loves God and hates sin.
• Sonship of God: Being adopted into God's family.
• Indwelling of the Holy Spirit: The Holy Spirit residing within the believer, guiding and empowering them.
• Assurance of Salvation: Confidence in the forgiveness of sins and eternal life.

Living the Christian Life

The text outlines crucial practices for spiritual growth:

• Nourishment: Feeding on the Word of God daily.
• Prayer: Engaging in regular communication with God.
• Walking by the Spirit: Being led and guided by the Holy Spirit.
• Fellowship: Maintaining communion with other believers.
• Exercising the New Nature: Actively using spiritual gifts and living out one's faith.

Victory Over the Old Nature

A significant aspect of Christian life is the ongoing struggle with the sinful nature that remains within. The text emphasizes:

• Crucifixion with Christ: Identifying with Christ's death on the cross, which dealt with the power of the old self.
• Presenting Members to God: Dedicating one's body and faculties as instruments of righteousness.
• The Power of the Spirit: Relying on the Holy Spirit to mortify the deeds of the flesh.
• Self-Judgment and Confession: Regularly examining oneself and confessing sins for spiritual health.
• Maintaining a Good Conscience: Living in truth and integrity before God and others.

Frequently Asked Questions

When were disciples first called Christians?

Disciples were first called Christians in Antioch, as recorded in Acts 11:26.

Who coined the term 'Christian'?

The term 'Christian' was likely coined by the non-believing inhabitants of Antioch to describe the followers of Christ.

What were the early Christians known for?

Early Christians were known for their devotion to Christ, strong community bonds, ethical living, and perseverance in suffering.

How many times does the word 'Christian' appear in the New Testament?

The word 'Christian' appears three times in the New Testament: Acts 11:26, Acts 26:28, and 1 Peter 4:16.

What is the etymological root of the word 'Christian'?

The word 'Christian' comes from 'Christos,' the Greek word for 'Anointed One,' ultimately derived from the Hebrew 'Mashiach.' It signifies an adherent or follower of Christ.

The designation 'Christian,' first uttered in the streets of Antioch, has echoed through the centuries, representing a life transformed by faith in Jesus Christ. It is a name that signifies belonging, commitment, and a unique way of life that continues to inspire and challenge people around the globe.

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