MOT Test: What Examiners Check

Understanding the MOT Test Procedure

The Ministry of Transport (MOT) test is an annual inspection of your vehicle's condition, designed to ensure it meets road safety and environmental standards. Many vehicle owners wonder precisely what happens during this crucial examination. This article will guide you through the typical procedure a vehicle examiner follows, detailing the key areas they inspect to determine if your car is fit for the road. Understanding these steps can help you prepare your vehicle and demystify the process.

The Examiner's Initial Steps

Upon arrival at an authorised MOT test centre, the examiner will first conduct a visual inspection. This involves checking for obvious damage or wear and tear that could compromise safety. They'll look at the overall condition of the vehicle, noting any significant corrosion, particularly on the chassis and structural components. The examiner will also check that the vehicle identification number (VIN) is present and legible, usually found on the chassis or dashboard.

Lighting and Signalling Equipment

A fundamental part of the MOT test is ensuring all lights and signalling equipment function correctly. The examiner will systematically check:

• Headlights: Functionality, aim (dipped and main beam), and condition of lenses. Incorrect aim can dazzle other drivers or fail to illuminate the road sufficiently.
• Parking Lights: Front and rear.
• Stop Lights: Ensuring all rear lights illuminate when the brake pedal is pressed.
• Rear Fog Lights: Functionality and visibility.
• Indicator Lights (Turn Signals): Front, rear, and side indicators must flash at the correct rate and be clearly visible.
• Hazard Lights: All indicators should flash simultaneously.
• Number Plate Lights: Must illuminate the rear number plate clearly.

Any bulbs that are not working, are the wrong colour, or are too dim will result in a failure.

Braking System Inspection

The braking system is paramount for safety, and examiners pay close attention to its condition. This involves several checks:

• Brake Pedal: The examiner will check for sponginess or excessive travel, indicating potential air in the hydraulic system or worn components.
• Brake Fluid: The level and condition of the brake fluid are checked.
• Brake Lines and Hoses: They will inspect for leaks, corrosion, or signs of damage that could lead to a catastrophic failure.
• Brake Pad and Disc Wear: While a visual inspection of pad thickness might be done, the primary check is often on the performance.
• Brake Performance Test: Using a roller brake tester, the examiner measures the braking force applied by each wheel. This ensures even braking and sufficient stopping power. Handbrake effectiveness is also tested.

A significant deviation in braking force between wheels on the same axle, or insufficient braking power, will lead to a fail.

Steering and Suspension

The steering and suspension systems are vital for vehicle control and stability. The examiner will inspect:

• Steering Wheel: Excessive play or stiffness in the steering wheel can indicate worn steering components.
• Steering Linkage: Ball joints, track rod ends, and other steering linkage components are checked for wear, damage, and security.
• Suspension Components: Shock absorbers, springs, wishbones, and anti-roll bars are inspected for damage, leaks, or excessive wear.
• Wheel Bearings: Examiners will check for play in the wheel bearings.

Loose or excessively worn steering and suspension parts can lead to unpredictable handling and are a safety hazard.

Tyres and Wheels

The condition of your tyres is critical for grip and handling. The MOT test checks:

• Tyre Tread Depth: The legal minimum tread depth is 1.6mm across the central three-quarters of the tyre's width. Examiners will check this on all wheels.
• Tyre Condition: Tyres must be free from cuts, bulges, or any damage that could cause them to fail.
• Tyre Size and Type: Tyres should be the correct size and type for the vehicle, and if fitted, they must be the same make and type on the same axle.
• Wheels: Wheels are checked for damage, corrosion, and security.

Worn tyres or improperly fitted wheels are a common reason for MOT failure.

Chassis and Bodywork

The structural integrity of the vehicle is assessed through checks on the chassis and bodywork:

• Corrosion: Excessive corrosion on structural parts, including the chassis, suspension mounts, and door sills, can lead to a fail.
• Body Panels: Sharp edges or protruding parts that could injure pedestrians or other road users will be flagged.
• Doors and Latches: Doors must open and close correctly and securely, and latches must function properly.
• Seat Belts: All fitted seat belts are checked for condition, operation, and any signs of damage or wear.
• Seats: Driver's seat must be adjustable and secure.

The aim is to ensure the vehicle's structure is sound and that there are no hazardous projections.

Visibility and Windscreen

A clear view of the road is essential for safe driving. The MOT test covers:

• Windscreen: The condition of the windscreen is checked. Cracks or chips within the driver's direct line of sight, larger than 10mm, or within a 40mm area around the driver's view, will cause a failure.
• Wipers and Washers: Wipers must clear the windscreen effectively, and the washers must supply sufficient fluid.
• Mirrors: All mirrors must be present, securely fitted, and in good condition.

Poor visibility due to a damaged windscreen or faulty wipers is a significant safety concern.

Exhaust Emissions

Environmental regulations are also a key part of the MOT test. The examiner will check:

• Exhaust Emissions: Using specialised equipment, the examiner measures the level of pollutants in the exhaust gases. The limits vary depending on the age and fuel type of the vehicle.
• Exhaust System: The exhaust system is checked for leaks, corrosion, and secure mounting.

Vehicles failing to meet the emission standards will need repairs to their exhaust system or engine management to pass.

Other Important Checks

The MOT test also includes several other critical checks:

• Horn: The horn must be operational and produce a continuous sound.
• Fuel System: The examiner checks for leaks in the fuel lines and that the fuel cap seals correctly.
• Engine Mountings: These are checked for security and excessive wear.
• Oil and Smoke: Excessive oil leaks or smoke from the exhaust can lead to a fail.
• Speedometer: Must be present and functioning.
• Registration Plates: Must be correctly displayed, legible, and securely fixed.

The Outcome of the Test

Once all the checks are completed, the examiner will issue a report. If your vehicle passes, you will receive an MOT certificate. If it fails, the report will detail the reasons for failure, categorising defects as 'minor' or 'major'. Minor defects mean the vehicle has passed but may require attention before the next test. Major defects mean the vehicle has failed and must be repaired and retested. It is illegal to drive a vehicle with a major outstanding MOT failure.

Preparing Your Vehicle for its MOT

To increase your chances of passing your MOT, consider these pre-test checks:

• Lights: Ensure all bulbs are working and clean.
• Tyres: Check tread depth and for any damage.
• Windscreen: Clean it thoroughly and check for chips or cracks.
• Wipers: Make sure they clear the screen effectively.
• Fluid Levels: Check brake fluid, oil, and screenwash.
• Horn: Test its functionality.

By understanding the comprehensive procedure a vehicle examiner follows, you can be better prepared for your car's MOT test, ensuring it remains safe and legal on the road.

Frequently Asked Questions about MOT Tests

Q1: How long does an MOT test take?
An MOT test typically takes between 45 minutes and 1 hour to complete, depending on the vehicle and the centre's workload.

Q2: Can I refuse to have a part of the MOT test carried out?
No, all parts of the MOT test must be carried out. Refusing a specific check will result in a failure.

Q3: What happens if my MOT expires?
It is illegal to drive a vehicle without a valid MOT certificate. You can be fined and your vehicle may be seized. You can get an MOT up to one month before your current one expires.

Q4: Are all garages authorised to do MOT tests?
No, only garages with an official authorisation from the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) can conduct MOT tests. Look for the blue three-sided MOT test centre sign.

Q5: What is the difference between a 'minor' and a 'major' defect?
Minor defects are items that do not cause failure but should be repaired. Major defects are items that cause the vehicle to fail the MOT test and must be rectified before it can pass.

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