Water In Your Brakes? Causes & Fixes

Can Water Cause Brake Fade? The Hidden Danger in Your Braking System

As a driver, you've likely had many questions about your vehicle’s maintenance and safety. Perhaps you've found yourself searching for “Water In Brake Fluid?” Well, search no more, as this article will provide you with the answers you need. The presence of water in your brake fluid can lead to severe performance issues, including decreased braking efficiency, internal corrosion of brake system components, and in severe cases, complete brake failure. Reading this article will equip you with the ability to recognise the symptoms of water-contaminated brake fluid and provide you with solutions on how to fix this critical issue. Understanding these aspects is crucial to ensure your vehicle’s safety and longevity.

Why Is Water Contamination A Problem In Brake Fluid?

Water contamination in brake fluid is a common problem that can have serious consequences for your vehicle’s braking performance and safety. But why is water in brake fluid such a big issue? In this section, we’ll explore how water contamination occurs, why it’s problematic for brake fluid, and the consequences of using water-contaminated brake fluid.

Firstly, how does water contamination occur in brake fluid? Over time, brake fluid can absorb moisture from the air through microscopic pores in rubber hoses and seals, leading to water contamination. This is particularly true in humid or wet climates, where moisture levels are higher. Water can also enter the brake fluid if there is a leak in the brake system or if the fluid is not properly maintained.

So why is water in brake fluid such a problem? Brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid that transmits the force from the brake pedal to the brakes themselves. It’s designed to have a high boiling point to withstand the heat generated during braking. When water enters the brake fluid, it reduces the boiling point. This reduction in boiling point is the primary culprit behind brake fade. Under heavy braking, the heat generated can cause the water within the fluid to turn into steam. Steam, being compressible, creates pockets of air within the hydraulic system. When you press the brake pedal, this force is absorbed by the compressible steam rather than being efficiently transmitted to the brake calipers, resulting in a spongy brake pedal and significantly reduced braking power.

In addition to reduced braking performance, using water-contaminated brake fluid can have other significant consequences. Water can cause internal corrosion in the brake system. Metal components like brake lines, calipers, and the master cylinder are susceptible to rust and degradation when exposed to moisture. This corrosion can lead to leaks, component failure, and ultimately, a compromised braking system. It can also lead to increased wear on brake pads and rotors and can negatively affect the function of sophisticated systems like anti-lock brake systems (ABS).

The 15 Most Common Symptoms of Water in Brake Fluid

Water contamination in brake fluid is a common problem that can have serious consequences for your vehicle’s braking performance and safety. In this section, we’ll explore the 15 most common symptoms of water contamination in brake fluid, how to recognise these symptoms, and how they can affect braking performance.

By recognising these 15 symptoms of water contamination in brake fluid, you can take prompt action to prevent and fix the issue, safeguarding your drive.

How to Test for Water in The Brake Fluid

Testing for water contamination in brake fluid is an important part of vehicle maintenance and can help ensure that your brakes are functioning properly. In this section, we’ll explore how to test for water contamination in brake fluid, the types of brake fluid testers available, and why regular testing is important.

To test for water contamination in brake fluid, you’ll need a brake fluid tester. There are two main types of testers: test strips and electronic testers.

• Test Strips: These are paper strips impregnated with chemicals that change colour based on the level of water contamination in the brake fluid. They are generally simple to use and provide a visual indication.
• Electronic Testers: These devices use a probe that is inserted into the brake fluid. They measure properties of the fluid, such as its electrical conductivity or boiling point, to determine the presence and amount of water contamination. Electronic testers often provide a more precise reading.

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to test your brake fluid for water contamination:

1. Gather the necessary materials: You will need a brake fluid tester (test strips or an electronic tester). Ensure you read and understand the specific instructions for your chosen tester before proceeding.
2. Locate the brake fluid reservoir: This is typically found in the engine bay, usually on the driver's side, near the firewall. Consult your vehicle’s owner's manual if you are unsure of its exact location.
3. Prepare the reservoir: Before opening, clean the area around the reservoir cap thoroughly with a clean rag or paper towel. This prevents dirt and debris from entering the brake fluid, which could cause further contamination.
4. Remove the cap: Carefully remove the cap from the brake fluid reservoir.
5. Test the fluid:
   • For Test Strips: Dip the test strip into the brake fluid according to the manufacturer's instructions. Allow it to sit for the specified time, then remove it and observe the colour change.
   • For Electronic Testers: Insert the probe of the electronic tester into the brake fluid. The device will then analyse the fluid and display a reading, often indicating the percentage of water or the boiling point.
6. Interpret the results: Compare the colour of the test strip to the provided chart or read the digital display on the electronic tester. Most testers will indicate if the fluid is within acceptable limits, approaching saturation, or needs immediate replacement. If the test indicates significant water contamination, it's time to change the brake fluid.
7. Replace the reservoir cap: Once you have finished testing, securely replace the cap on the brake fluid reservoir. Ensure it is properly sealed to prevent further moisture ingress.
8. Record the results: It's good practice to keep a record of your brake fluid test results, including the date. This helps you track the condition of your brake fluid over time and identify any trends or potential issues before they become critical.

Regular testing for water contamination in brake fluid is important for several reasons. Firstly, it can help prevent costly repairs by catching problems early. Water contamination can lead to corrosion and damage to brake components, so early detection can prevent the need for expensive replacements. Secondly, regular testing ensures that your brakes are functioning properly and that you are driving safely. Water contamination can compromise the performance of your brakes, reducing their effectiveness and potentially putting you at risk while driving.

How to Fix Water in Brake Fluid

Water contamination in the brake fluid can compromise your vehicle’s braking performance and put you at risk while driving. Here is a guide on how to fix water contamination in brake fluid:

1. Drain and Replace the Brake Fluid: The most effective way to remove water from the brake fluid is to completely drain and replace it. This process is often referred to as a brake fluid flush. This can be done by a professional mechanic or a skilled DIYer.
2. Bleed the Brake System: After replacing the brake fluid, it’s crucial to bleed the brake system. This process removes any air bubbles that may have entered the system during the fluid change, ensuring proper hydraulic function. This can be done using a brake bleeder kit or by manually bleeding the brakes.
3. Inspect the Brake Components: Water contamination can cause corrosion in the brake system. It’s important to thoroughly inspect brake components such as calipers, brake lines, and the master cylinder for any signs of damage, rust, or wear. Replace any damaged or corroded parts as needed.
4. Check for Leaks: Water contamination, especially when combined with corrosion, can lead to leaks in the brake system. Visually inspect all brake lines, connections, and calipers for any signs of fluid leakage. A pressure testing kit can also be used for a more thorough check.
5. Test the Brakes: After completing the fluid change and any necessary component replacements, it is essential to test the brakes to ensure they are working properly. Take your vehicle for a careful test drive and perform a few moderate stops to check for normal pedal feel and stopping power.

To prevent water contamination in the future, here are some essential tips:

1. Use High-Quality Brake Fluid: Always use a high-quality brake fluid that meets the specifications recommended by your vehicle’s manufacturer (e.g., DOT 3, DOT 4, DOT 5.1). Different types have different properties, including moisture absorption rates.
2. Keep the Brake Fluid Reservoir Clean: Ensure the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around it are kept clean. Dirt and debris can contaminate the brake fluid if introduced.
3. Check the Brake Fluid Regularly: Periodically check the brake fluid level and its condition. Test for water contamination as part of your regular vehicle maintenance schedule.
4. Replace the Brake Fluid on Schedule: Brake fluid is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture. It should be replaced on a regular schedule, typically every 2-3 years, regardless of mileage, to maintain its optimal performance and prevent water saturation.

Common Causes of Water in Brake Fluid

Water contamination in the brake fluid can lead to reduced braking performance and potential safety hazards while driving. Understanding the common causes of water contamination can help you take steps to prevent it from occurring. Here are some of the most common causes of water contamination in brake fluid:

1. Condensation: Brake fluid is hygroscopic, meaning it naturally absorbs moisture from the surrounding air. This absorption occurs over time through microscopic pores in rubber brake hoses and seals. Temperature fluctuations, especially in humid climates, exacerbate this process, leading to condensation within the brake system. Moisture can form when the brake fluid cools down, and then the water can settle in the bottom of the brake lines or the brake fluid reservoir.
2. Water Infiltration: While less common, direct water infiltration can occur. This can happen if a vehicle is driven through deep water, submerging components of the brake system, or if water is sprayed directly onto the brake system during aggressive cleaning or washing without proper precautions.
3. Contaminated Brake Fluid: Improper storage or handling of brake fluid can also be a cause. If brake fluid is stored in an unsealed container or if the container is left open for extended periods, it can absorb significant amounts of atmospheric moisture. Using water to dilute brake fluid, which is never recommended, is another direct way to introduce water contamination.

The Effects of Water on Brake Components

Water contamination in the brake fluid can have severe effects on the brake components of a vehicle. Here are some of the ways that water contamination can affect brake components:

1. Corrosion: Water is a catalyst for rust and corrosion. When water contaminates brake fluid, it accelerates the oxidation of metal components within the brake system. This includes the brake calipers, pistons, brake lines, and even the master cylinder. Corrosion can cause these parts to weaken, seize, or develop leaks, significantly reducing their ability to function correctly and potentially leading to failure.
2. Reduced Braking Performance: As discussed, water lowers the boiling point of brake fluid. Under the high temperatures generated during braking, this water can vaporise, creating compressible pockets of steam within the hydraulic lines. This compressibility means that when you press the brake pedal, some of the force is lost in compressing the steam rather than being efficiently transmitted to the brake pads, leading to reduced stopping power and a spongy pedal feel.
3. Brake Fade: This is a direct consequence of reduced braking performance due to water contamination. Brake fade is the temporary, but significant, loss of braking ability that occurs when the brake system overheats. Water boiling into steam under high temperatures is a primary cause of this dangerous phenomenon, making it difficult or impossible to slow or stop the vehicle effectively.
4. Increased Wear and Tear: Corrosion caused by water contamination can lead to uneven surfaces on brake rotors and damage to caliper seals. This can cause the brake pads to wear unevenly and at an accelerated rate. Furthermore, compromised hydraulic function due to water can put extra strain on other brake system components, leading to increased wear and tear overall and potentially causing the brake system to fail more quickly.

How To Drain Brake Fluid?

Draining brake fluid is an essential part of maintaining the brake system of a vehicle. It is necessary to remove old or contaminated fluid to ensure that the brake system functions correctly and safely. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to drain brake fluid:

1. Gather the necessary materials: You will need a brake fluid drain tool or a turkey baster/syringe for removing fluid from the reservoir, a drain pan, a wrench (if needing to disconnect lines, though usually not necessary for a simple flush), and a new bottle of the correct type of brake fluid. Dispose of old brake fluid responsibly.
2. Locate the brake fluid reservoir: The brake fluid reservoir is typically located near the firewall on the driver’s side of the vehicle. It is a small plastic container with a cap that usually says “BRAKE FLUID” or has a warning symbol.
3. Remove the cap from the brake fluid reservoir: Use a clean rag to wipe around the cap before opening to prevent dirt ingress. Then, carefully remove the cap.
4. Remove the old brake fluid: The simplest way to start draining is to use a turkey baster or a large syringe to suck out as much of the old fluid from the reservoir as possible, transferring it into a suitable container for disposal.
5. Flush the system (recommended for significant contamination): For a proper flush, you will need to bleed the brakes at each wheel. This typically involves opening a bleed screw on the caliper or wheel cylinder while someone presses the brake pedal. A two-person job is often easiest, with one person pumping the pedal and the other opening/closing the bleed screw. Alternatively, a vacuum bleeder or pressure bleeder can be used by a single person.
6. Refill the brake fluid reservoir: Once the old fluid is drained (or mostly drained from the reservoir), carefully fill the reservoir with new, clean brake fluid. Be sure to use the type of brake fluid recommended by your vehicle’s manufacturer (check your owner's manual or the reservoir cap). Do not overfill; fill to the MAX line.
7. Bleed the brake system: If you flushed the system, ensure all air is expelled. Starting with the wheel furthest from the master cylinder and working your way closer, open the bleed screw, have someone press the brake pedal slowly, close the bleed screw, and then release the pedal. Repeat this process at each wheel until clear fluid with no air bubbles emerges. Keep the reservoir topped up during this process.
8. Replace the reservoir cap: Once the reservoir is filled to the correct level and the system is bled, securely replace the cap.

Remember, brake fluid is corrosive to paintwork, so clean up any spills immediately.

Related Information

• Temporary Fix For Stuck Brake Caliper. Step-by-Step Guide!
• How Long Does It Take For Brake Fluid To Circulate?
• Transmission Fluid is Leaking From Front of the Car? (Facts)
• 10 Best Methods For Temporary Fix Grinding Brakes!

Video Reference: Water In Brake Fluid – Testing Brake Fluid for Water Saturation >> Check out the video below:

Conclusion

Being able to recognise the symptoms of water contamination in brake fluid is crucial for ensuring the safety and functionality of your vehicle’s braking system. By knowing what to look out for, you can take prompt action to address any issues and prevent more severe consequences such as brake failure. Regular testing and maintaining your brake fluid can help prevent water contamination and extend the lifespan of your vehicle’s brake components. If you suspect water contamination in your brake fluid, it is essential to take the necessary steps to address the issue promptly. With this knowledge, you can ensure that your vehicle’s braking system remains in optimal condition and provides reliable stopping power for safe driving.

Reference Source: www.holtsauto.com/prestone/news/understanding-brake-fluid-101/

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