20/04/2020
Unveiling Sacha Guitry's Witty Gem: 'Le Mot de Cambronne'
In the annals of French cinema, few names evoke the elegance, wit, and sharp observation of Parisian life quite like Sacha Guitry. A prolific playwright, actor, and director, Guitry possessed a unique talent for capturing the nuances of human interaction, often with a delightful dose of irony. Among his many cinematic contributions, 'Le Mot de Cambronne' stands out as a charming and historically significant piece. This short film, a direct adaptation of his own 1936 play of the same name, offers a glimpse into Guitry's distinctive style and his fascination with historical anecdotes. Released in 1937, 'Le Mot de Cambronne' is not merely a film; it's a testament to Guitry's ability to translate theatrical brilliance to the screen with remarkable efficiency and flair.
The Genesis of the Anecdote
The very title, 'Le Mot de Cambronne,' alludes to a famous, albeit apocryphal, utterance attributed to General Pierre Cambronne, a figure of the Napoleonic Wars. Legend has it that during the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, when faced with overwhelming odds and a demand for surrender from the British, Cambronne defiantly uttered a single, potent word. While the exact word has been lost to history, or perhaps deliberately obscured, it has become a symbol of French defiance and national pride. The word itself is widely believed to be the French word 'Merde' (Shit). This historical snippet, shrouded in mystery and nationalistic fervour, provided fertile ground for Sacha Guitry's creative mind.
Guitry's Play and its Cinematic Transposition
Sacha Guitry, ever the astute observer of human nature and historical curiosities, was inspired to write a play based on this intriguing episode. He completed his play, also titled 'Le Mot de Cambronne,' in 1936. The theatrical work delved into the social and personal implications of this famous, unspeakable word. Soon after, Guitry decided to bring his play to the silver screen, creating a short film that mirrored the theatrical production in spirit and content. The film, much like the play, is a 'comédie en un acte et en vers' – a comedy in one act and in verse. This adherence to theatrical conventions, particularly the use of verse, is a hallmark of Guitry's approach, lending his works a certain timeless elegance and a distinctly literary quality.
The Plot: A Quest for the Unspoken
The narrative of 'Le Mot de Cambronne' centers on Madame Cambronne, the wife of the titular general. Interestingly, Madame Cambronne is depicted as being English, a detail Guitry highlights as being "historic." This choice of nationality adds a layer of cultural commentary, as the English are, in a sense, the recipients of Cambronne's famous word. Madame Cambronne, intrigued by the legend surrounding her husband's defiant utterance, desperately wishes to know what this famous "Cambronne word" actually is. However, General Cambronne himself remains resolutely unwilling to repeat it. His obstinacy forms the crux of the comedy, as his wife and perhaps others attempt to coax the word out of him, only to be met with his steadfast refusal. The film masterfully uses this simple premise to explore themes of pride, history, and the power of unspoken words.
A Remarkable Feat of Filmmaking
What makes the production of 'Le Mot de Cambronne' even more remarkable is its incredible speed. Guitry famously shot the entire film in a single afternoon, on November 19, 1936. This astonishing efficiency was made possible by the fact that the film featured the very same four actors who had originated the roles in the stage play. The entire production was meticulously planned, with all the necessary props and costumes being brought from the theatre for the filming and returned by the evening of the same day. This suggests an almost theatrical rehearsal process for the film, allowing for a seamless and rapid execution. This approach not only showcases Guitry's directorial prowess but also highlights the synergy between his theatrical and cinematic work.
A Homage to Edmond Rostand
In a touching gesture of artistic respect, Sacha Guitry dedicated 'Le Mot de Cambronne' to the memory of Edmond Rostand. Rostand, the celebrated playwright behind masterpieces like 'Cyrano de Bergerac' and 'Chantecler,' played a pivotal role in the genesis of Guitry's work. As Guitry himself explains at the beginning of the film, it was Rostand who originally suggested the subject matter for 'Le Mot de Cambronne' to him. This dedication underscores the camaraderie and mutual admiration that existed within the French artistic community of the era, and Guitry's desire to honour a fellow artist who had inspired him.
Guitry's Enduring Legacy
Sacha Guitry's films, including 'Le Mot de Cambronne,' are characterized by their sharp dialogue, sophisticated humour, and often autobiographical undertones. He was a master of the spoken word, and his films often feel like witty conversations brought to life. His directorial style was minimalist yet effective, focusing on performance and dialogue rather than elaborate visual effects. This allowed the brilliance of his scripts and the charisma of his actors to shine through. 'Le Mot de Cambronne,' despite its brevity, encapsulates these qualities perfectly. It is a film that rewards close attention, offering layers of meaning beneath its seemingly simple narrative.
Frequently Asked Questions about 'Le Mot de Cambronne'
What is the famous 'Cambronne word'?
The exact word is not revealed in the film, maintaining the historical mystery. However, it is widely believed to be the French word 'Merde' (Shit), used as a defiant exclamation by General Cambronne at the Battle of Waterloo.
Who directed 'Le Mot de Cambronne'?
The film was written and directed by Sacha Guitry.
When was 'Le Mot de Cambronne' released?
The film was shot in 1936 and released in 1937.
What is unique about the film's production?
It was filmed in a single afternoon using the same actors from the stage play, with props borrowed from the theatre.
To whom is the film dedicated?
The film is dedicated to the memory of playwright Edmond Rostand, who inspired the subject matter.
Conclusion
'Le Mot de Cambronne' is a delightful and compact cinematic experience that offers a window into the wit of Sacha Guitry and a piece of French historical lore. Its efficient production, clever dialogue, and charming portrayal of a national legend make it a noteworthy entry in the work of one of France's most iconic cultural figures. The film serves as a reminder of the enduring power of language, history, and the subtle art of comedy.
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