26/12/2009
Nestled in the picturesque county of Suffolk, Martlesham is a locale that effortlessly blends a rich tapestry of history with the conveniences of contemporary life. More than just a dot on the map, it represents a living chronicle, offering a unique glimpse into centuries of British heritage, from ancient settlements to its pivotal role in aviation history. For those seeking to understand the heart of a truly British community, Martlesham presents an intriguing and multifaceted narrative.
A Glimpse into Martlesham's Ancient Roots
The story of Martlesham begins far earlier than many might imagine, stretching back to the era of Roman occupation in Britain. Archaeological investigations and numerous incidental finds within the parish have firmly established the presence of a significant Roman settlement here. Over two dozen discoveries, including fragments of pottery, ornate brooches, various coins, and tesserae (small tiles used in mosaics), paint a vivid picture of Roman life and activity. Perhaps the most notable discovery was a small bronze statue of a horse mounted on a plinth, unearthed in the 19th century. This intriguing artifact bore a Latin inscription, revealing it to be an offering dedicated by a woman named Simplicia to the god Mars, underscoring the spiritual and cultural practices of the time.
Centuries later, Martlesham earned its place in one of England's most significant historical documents: the Domesday Book. Compiled in 1086, this comprehensive survey provided King William I with a detailed record of land ownership and resources across his new kingdom. Martlesham was recorded as possessing two and a half carucates of land, an area roughly equivalent to 300 acres of profitable agricultural land. The Domesday entry also meticulously detailed its population and resources: 10 villagers, 10 smallholders, 12 acres of meadow, 1 mill, woodland sufficient for 16 pigs, 5 cobs, 20 cattle, 27 pigs, 212 sheep, and 12 beehives. Furthermore, it noted the presence of 1 church with 36 acres and 1 free man. This snapshot reveals Martlesham as a self-sufficient, predominantly agricultural community, characteristic of medieval England.
Over the ensuing centuries, while agriculture remained the bedrock of Martlesham's economy, the primary settlement began a gradual shift. Initially concentrated on the highest ground, where the ancient church and hall stood, the village’s hub migrated to a more strategic location: the point where the main London to Great Yarmouth road intersected with the River Finn, a vital tributary of the River Deben. This geographical advantage, offering both a water source and a crucial transport link, likely spurred the construction of a bridge across the river by the mid-15th century, further solidifying the area's importance as a crossing point and trade route.
The character of Martlesham in the mid-19th century is beautifully captured by White's 1844 directory of Suffolk. It described the village as "a neat village near the confluence of a rivulet with the Deben," highlighting its picturesque setting. The directory also detailed its demographics and land use: "510 inhabitants, and 2,558 acres (1,035 ha) of land, partly in rich marshes washed by the tides of the Deben, and partly a large, sandy, and unenclosed heath, extending about 2 miles (3.2 km) S.W., and affording pasturage for numerous herds of sheep and cattle." This description paints a picture of a diverse landscape, supporting both fertile agricultural land and vast open heathland, essential for grazing livestock.
The Dawn of the Aviation Age: Martlesham Heath Airfield
The 20th century brought a dramatic transformation to Martlesham, particularly with the advent of aviation. In 1917, a significant chapter in British aerial history began when the Experimental Aircraft Flight of the Central Flying School was relocated from Upavon, Wiltshire, to a sprawling site on the heathland. On 16th January 1917, Martlesham Heath Airfield officially opened its gates, destined to become a cornerstone of experimental aviation. Its role was crucial: testing new aircraft, evaluating performance, and pushing the boundaries of flight technology. This experimental focus continued unabated after the conclusion of World War I, establishing Martlesham as a vital centre for aeronautical development.
During the Second World War, Martlesham Heath Airfield ascended to even greater prominence, serving as a strategically important RAF airfield. It hosted numerous squadrons and played a critical role in the defence of Britain, particularly during the Battle of Britain. The airfield's legacy is further cemented by its connection to legendary figures, including the iconic fighter ace Douglas Bader, who was briefly stationed there in 1940. Today, a local public house, "The Douglas Bader," stands as a tribute to his bravery and the airfield's wartime contribution.
Following the war and the eventual closure of the airfield, its vast site underwent another significant transformation. The lease was acquired by the Bradford Property Trust, which embarked on an ambitious development project. This led to the creation of the "New Village" of Martlesham Heath, situated to the southwest of what is now often referred to as "Old Martlesham." This development marked a new era for the area, blending residential spaces with the natural environment of the former airfield.
Martlesham Now: A Vibrant Community
Today, Martlesham is a thriving community with a population exceeding 5,600. The Main Road gracefully sweeps north-east from the A12 roundabout, serving as a central artery for the village. Its strategic location and accessibility are further enhanced by the presence of the Suffolk Constabulary headquarters, situated prominently on the south side of the A12/A1214 roundabout, underscoring Martlesham's role as a regional administrative hub. Additionally, the Martlesham site of the Ipswich park and ride service, opened in December 2003, provides convenient transport links for commuters and visitors alike, easing congestion and promoting sustainable travel.
The social fabric of Martlesham is enriched by its local establishments, particularly its two popular pubs. The Black Tiles, located in the southern part of Main Road, offers a contemporary atmosphere. In contrast, the Red Lion, positioned on the old Norwich to London road, is steeped in history. This former coaching inn served as a crucial overnight stopover for the Royal Mail, where post was securely locked away until morning. Its distinctive figurehead became a well-known landmark, so much so that "Red as the Martlesham Lion" became a common local expression, a testament to its cultural impact. Parts of the Red Lion building date back to the late 16th century, with an early 19th-century wing to the north. A Victorian brewery once stood here, further cementing its place in local lore and industry.
For those who appreciate natural beauty and outdoor pursuits, Martlesham offers an abundance of opportunities. Martlesham Creek is a beloved spot for sailing, its tranquil waters forming the confluence of the rivers Fynn and Deben, creating a picturesque estuary perfect for water-based activities and birdwatching. School Lane, while now a quiet residential area, marks the historical location of the former schoolhouse and is surrounded by open fields, offering expansive views down to the creek, a reminder of the village's agricultural past and its connection to the natural landscape.
The spiritual heart of Martlesham lies along Church Lane, an area that has been a site of Christian worship since at least 1086. The venerable Church of St Mary the Virgin, a magnificent structure built in the 15th century, is accessed via a single-track lane at the north-east of Martlesham. It is beautifully framed by open fields to the south and woodland to the north, offering a serene and contemplative setting. Inside, the church boasts a pulpit dating from 1641 and a beautiful 15th-century font near the entrance, both testaments to centuries of craftsmanship and faith. The area around the church is crisscrossed with numerous footpaths, including a scenic route down to Martlesham Creek, inviting residents and visitors to explore the local countryside and enjoy peaceful walks.
Governance and Local Life
Martlesham operates as an electoral ward, meaning it has its own local representation within the larger administrative framework. The population of this ward, according to the 2011 census, stood at 4,897, reflecting a robust and engaged community that actively participates in its local governance and development.
Frequently Asked Questions About Martlesham
What is Martlesham best known for?
Martlesham is primarily known for its rich history, particularly its Roman origins and its significant role as Martlesham Heath Airfield, a crucial experimental and RAF base during both World Wars. It's also recognised for its charming blend of historic village life and modern amenities.
Can I visit the former Martlesham Heath Airfield?
While the airfield itself is no longer operational in its original capacity, the area has been redeveloped into the "New Village" of Martlesham Heath. You can explore the residential areas and visit local landmarks that commemorate its aviation past, such as "The Douglas Bader" pub.
Are there good walking routes in Martlesham?
Yes, Martlesham boasts numerous footpaths, particularly around Church Lane and leading down to Martlesham Creek. These routes offer scenic views of the countryside, the creek, and historical sites like the Church of St Mary the Virgin, making them ideal for leisurely strolls.
What historical pubs can I find in Martlesham?
The Red Lion is Martlesham's most historically significant pub. As a former coaching inn dating back to the late 16th century, it played a vital role in local transport and communication, and its distinctive figurehead is a local landmark.
What are the main attractions for families in Martlesham?
Families can enjoy the open spaces and footpaths for walks, explore the historical significance of the area, and appreciate the natural beauty of Martlesham Creek. The local parks and community events also add to its family-friendly appeal.
Conclusion
Martlesham stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of British communities, seamlessly weaving together threads of ancient history, industrial innovation, and contemporary living. From its deep Roman and Domesday roots to its pivotal role in 20th-century aviation, and now as a vibrant, well-connected village, Martlesham offers a unique and compelling narrative. Its blend of historic charm, natural beauty, and modern infrastructure makes it not just a place on the map, but a destination rich in character and discovery. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a nature lover, or simply seeking a glimpse into a quintessential English community, Martlesham undoubtedly delivers a memorable experience.
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